COSMOLOGY: Is the sun moving of not? If yes why? If no why?

The sun does not move, but is the Earth which moves “This is very good question. For sometimes after it was accepted that planet inducing Earth circle the sun”[1].

“Ancient Astronomer Aristardus thought that Earth goes around the sun since he discovered that the sun is much bigger than the Earth”[2]. There due to the fact that the sun is bigger than the Earth, there is no possibility for the sun to round the Earth, but is the Earth which surrounds the sun since the Earth is less denser than the sun, therefore, this fact proves how the sun does not move but is only Earth that moves, where the sun is on stationary position.

“Astronomer Copernicus who is usually credited with the idea that planets go around the sun thought that solar system centered on the sun, is more logical and beautiful but had no definite proof”[3].

Johannes Kepler

This means the sun located at the center in the solar system and other objects in the solar system are found around the sun, hence these other objects round alongside the sun. Copernicus use the laws governing orbits become much more simple if the sun is in their center, which was discovered by Kepler.

Also Isaac Newton has shown that this is caused by the Universal law of gravity. If gravity works, Earth and other planets have to go around the sun because it is much heavier.

“There was no straight forward proof for the motion of the Earth until 1925 when James Bradley discovered stellar aberration”[4].

Stellar aberration is the apparent yearly change in the sky due to the Earth’s own motion. Aberration arises due to adding up of the speed of light coming from the star and Earth’s own speed. This is a very complex phenomenon and its description requires some math.

Another proof of Earth’s motion is stellar parallax. If Earth changes its position relative to the stars should appear to change position in the course of the year. A common experiment illustrating parallax is just looking at a close object (a finger, a pencil etc) with one eye at the time when you switch from one to the other eye, the object will appear to move against the background, closer the object is to your eyes, move pronounced the effect is parallax should not be confused with observation.

Parallax arises from the change of the Earth’s position and depend on how far the star is (sun). parallax of the star (sun) was first measured by Bessel in 1838. It was not measured before because, this change of star’s apparent position is very small (the stars are very far from us). “This was a very important discovery because Aristotle, himself mentioned the lack of observable stellar parallax as the proof that the earth is not moving (he did have a telescope and didn’t know the stars are so distant”[5].

Doppler effect; wavelength of the light; this is another factor that we receive from objects moving relative to us becomes a little shorter (that is bluer) when we approach the source and becomes longer (i.e. redder) when we move away from the source. When the Earth moves towards a star, the star will appear slightly bluer (only high-tech instruments can measure this) while it will appear redder when the Earth is on other side of the orbit and moves in the opposite direction. This effects proves that the Earth has a velocity relative to the stars (even sun) similar to observation.

Another one is a Big Bang Theory; this theory use two key pieces such as Red shift; you may have noticed that when an ambulance or police car goes past its siren is high pitched as it comes towards you, then becomes low-pitched as it goes away. This effect, where there is a change in frequency and wavelength is called the Doppler effect. It happens with any wave source that moves relative to an observer.

This happens with light too. Our sun contains helium has absorbed light. These lines from the absorption spectrum for helium. When we look at the spectrum of a distant star the absorption spectrum is there but the pattern of lines has moved towards the red end of the spectrum. This is called red shift, since it change in the frequency of the position of the lines.

Cosmic Microwave; background radiation; scientists discovered that there are microwaves coming from every direction in space. Big Bang Theory says this is energy created at the beginning of the universe, just after the Big Bang and that has been travelling through space ever since”. A satellite called COBE has mapped the background Micro wave radiation of the universe as well as we see it Bang theorists are still working on the interpretation of this evidence”[6].

Conclusively; according to the theories mentioned above does not show any kind of effect for the sun to move but shows effects of the Earth to surround the sun, since the Earth is among the objects in the orbit which surrounding the sun, i.e. planets, and Earth is among the planets, so since other planets move on its orbit, even the Earth moves around the sun and not the sun to move.

  

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REFERENCES

Home Science A. Q. A. Radiation and the Universe: Origin of the Universe, BBC, UK London Press. 2011.

Matija Cuk. Our Solar Syatem, University of British Columbia in Canada: Columbia. 2004.

Hrley, J. F. Foundation of Modern Cosmology, Oxford University Press, 1998.

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[1]Home Science, Radiation and the Universe, London, BBC UK, 2011 C, Matija.

[2] Our Solar Syatem, University of British Columbia in Canada: Columbia, 2004.

[3] Home Science, Radiation and the Universe, London, BBC UK, 2011 C, Matija.

[4] Our Solar Syatem, University of British Columbia in Canada: Columbia, 2004.

[5]Home Science, Radiation and the Universe, London, BBC UK, 2011 C, Matija.

[6] Foundation of Modern Cosmology: Oxford University Press: London, 1998.